# 它如此之美，让世界从此记住了日本

- 作者：玩物君
- 发布时间：2016-01-08 10:29
- 原文：https://www.ifanr.com/coolbuy/605676

![IMG_5329](https://s3.ifanr.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/IMG_53291.jpg)![jw](https://s3.ifanr.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/jw1.jpg)

小寒

初候芹乃荣  
次候水泉动  
末候雉始鸲

（ 略本历 ）

![未标题-2](https://s3.ifanr.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/未标题-2.jpg)[![qiqi3](https://s3.ifanr.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/qiqi3.jpg)](https://s3.ifanr.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/qiqi3.jpg)

[![qiqi4](https://s3.ifanr.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/qiqi4.jpg)](https://s3.ifanr.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/qiqi4.jpg)

漆光内敛，似有不能倾诉的话  
漆器寒中带暖，恰如小寒之意

虽有日本漆器源自中国的说法  
北海道却出土过 9000 多年前绳文时代的漆器  
师与徒，不可辨

在日本，漆器扮演特殊的角色  
正月最隆重的活动，即拜年神  
全部仪式感都要由漆器来承担

[![qishu](https://s3.ifanr.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/qishu.jpg)](https://s3.ifanr.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/qishu.jpg)

[![qishu2](https://s3.ifanr.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/qishu2.jpg)](https://s3.ifanr.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/qishu2.jpg)

砍伤漆树，才能取得树液漆油  
氧化后变褐色，是「荒味漆」  
去杂质，加热过滤出「生漆」  
继续加热搅拌，保持在 40 度  
水分剩 3%，保持漆酶活性化  
加入干性油、天然树脂和铁粉  
再次过滤，就得到「精制漆」

![未标题-2](https://s3.ifanr.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/未标题-2.jpg)

漆器的颜色，全部由自然界的矿物和植物贡献  
也正因为如此，日本漆器色彩直到近代都很少  
黑、朱、黄、绿和青黑，五色而已  
这种「少」，却足以令化学颜料的「多」艳羡

极少的颜色，要成就大量的漆器作品  
必须辅以丰富多样的技巧和手法  
日本漆器技艺中，有中国元、明痕迹  
也有日本独有的「蒔絵」技巧

[![zhizuo1](https://s3.ifanr.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/zhizuo1.jpg)](https://s3.ifanr.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/zhizuo1.jpg)[![zhizuo2](https://s3.ifanr.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/zhizuo2.jpg)](https://s3.ifanr.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/zhizuo2.jpg)[![zhizuo3](https://s3.ifanr.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/zhizuo3.jpg)](https://s3.ifanr.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/zhizuo3.jpg)[![zhizuo4](https://s3.ifanr.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/zhizuo4.jpg)](https://s3.ifanr.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/zhizuo4.jpg)

![未标题-2](https://s3.ifanr.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/未标题-2.jpg)

**蒔絵「まきえ」**

![8.pic_hd](https://s3.ifanr.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/8.pic_hd.jpg)[![shihui2](https://s3.ifanr.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/shihui2.jpg)](https://s3.ifanr.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/shihui2.jpg)[![shihui3](https://s3.ifanr.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/shihui3.jpg)](https://s3.ifanr.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/shihui3.jpg)

用漆在器物表面画出图案、纹样  
趁着未干，洒上金粉、银粉，就是「蒔絵」  
然而「蒔絵」也发展出很多种技法风格  
干燥后再部分用漆、打磨，叫「平蒔絵」  
在漆器表面营造立体感的，叫「高蒔絵」  
木炭研磨出蒔絵金属层，叫「研出蒔絵」  
突起与平地结合的技法，叫「肉合蒔絵」

[![qiqi2](https://s3.ifanr.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/qiqi2.jpeg)](https://s3.ifanr.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/qiqi2.jpeg)

在还没干的漆器表面洒粉心情无法轻松  
手抖一下，全部努力就此归零  
研磨的劲道大小，也须反复拿捏  
职人的素养，往往就在细微的分寸之间

**沈金「ちんきん」**

[![shenjin01](https://s3.ifanr.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/shenjin01.jpg)](https://s3.ifanr.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/shenjin01.jpg)[![shenjin02](https://s3.ifanr.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/shenjin02.jpg)](https://s3.ifanr.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/shenjin02.jpg)[![shenjin3](https://s3.ifanr.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/shenjin3.jpg)](https://s3.ifanr.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/shenjin3.jpg)[![shenjin4](https://s3.ifanr.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/shenjin4.jpg)](https://s3.ifanr.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/shenjin4.jpg)

用针在漆器表面篆刻出点或线条  
填金漆入刻痕，或贴金箔、金粉  
金色沉浸于刻痕之内，即名「沈金」

**螺鈿「らでん」**

![IMG_5329](https://s3.ifanr.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/IMG_5329.jpg)

漆器表面镶嵌贝壳的装饰技法，常与莳绘结合  
早在周朝已经流行，唐代从中国传入日本  
螺鈿片常用鲍鱼壳、珍珠蚌、白蝶贝和玳瑁

**堆朱「ついしゅ」**

[![duizhu1](https://s3.ifanr.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/duizhu1.jpg)](https://s3.ifanr.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/duizhu1.jpg)[![duizhu2](https://s3.ifanr.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/duizhu2.jpg)](https://s3.ifanr.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/duizhu2.jpg)[![duizhu4](https://s3.ifanr.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/duizhu4.jpg)](https://s3.ifanr.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/duizhu4.jpg)[![duizhu3](https://s3.ifanr.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/duizhu3.jpg)](https://s3.ifanr.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/duizhu3.jpg)

与中国漆器技法如出一辙，特别是扬州漆器  
反复涂漆几十次，堆出漆料本身的厚度和质感  
再进行雕刻，红漆叫堆朱，黑漆叫堆黑

**平文「ひょうもん」**

[![pingwen1](https://s3.ifanr.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/pingwen1.jpg)](https://s3.ifanr.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/pingwen1.jpg)[![pingwen2](https://s3.ifanr.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/pingwen2.jpg)](https://s3.ifanr.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/pingwen2.jpg)

取金属纹样贴于漆器表面，施漆后再研磨  
纹样之漆剥落以后，露出平滑的图案纹样

![未标题-2](https://s3.ifanr.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/未标题-2.jpg)

平安京迁都时设置宫廷漆工房，京都成漆艺中心  
源于绳文时代的漆器，早已传播至日本全境  
也因此成就了日本漆器最有名的四大产地

[![日本漆器分布](https://s3.ifanr.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/日本漆器分布.gif)](https://s3.ifanr.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/日本漆器分布.gif)

茨城県：会津漆器「あいづしっき」  
富山県：山中漆器＜山中塗＞「やまなかぬり」  
福井県：越前漆器「えちぜんしっき」  
和歌山県：紀州漆器＜根来塗＞「きしゅうしっき」

![未标题-2](https://s3.ifanr.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/未标题-2.jpg)

漆器绝美，用起来却十分受限

不可沸煮  
不可浸泡  
不可混洗  
不可机洗  
不可微波加热

有诸多不可的漆器  
才是温良生活的本来意味  
有尺限，有法度  
有自然规定的不可为

[![banner](https://s3.ifanr.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/banner.gif)](http://ifanr.in)